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What is a caldera?
Williams put it forward, that the caldera is a large-scale volcanic subsidence with sub-circular shape. Calder is formed in complexible way, usually subjected to three-stage development: (1) Volcanic explosion, large volume magma was discharged; (2) Empty magma chamber collapsed that called caldera period: (3) Caldera reactivation produces effusive or intrusive domes, which called resurgent caldera period. 

 

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